Thursday, 18 June 2020

Poets and Pancakes

                              Poets and Pancakes – Summary

Poets and Pancakes, is taken from Asokamitran’s book ‘My Years with Boss’. Asokamitran worked in The Gemini Studios. His duty was to cut out newspaper clipping on a wide variety of subjects and preserve them in files.

Summary

‘Pancakes’ was the brand name of a make-up material. The Gemini Studios bought a lot of it. Many well-known actresses must have used that material. It was used by make-up men to turn decent looking players into hideous looking monsters. In fact it was because most of the shooting of a film was done on the sets. The sets and the studios lights required that every pore of players’ faces was closed. A strict hierarchy was maintained in the make-up department to make the player look ugly. The chief make-up man made the hero and heroine ugly. His senior assistant made the second hero and heroine ugly and so forth. It was the office boy’s job to make the crowd players ugly.

The make-up department had an office boy. He was not a boy but a forty years’ old man. He had joined the studios years ago. He believed that he had a great talent and hoped to become a star actor, director, screen writer or lyrics writer. But he was frustrated. He blamed his disgrace on Gemini Studios. The make-up department was at the upstairs of the building that was said to have been Robert Clive’s stables. The make-up room looked like a hair cutting salon because it had large mirrors and lights. The lights gave out intense heat. The person who underwent make-up had a miserable experience of being scorched like that of being in a hell.

The make-up department presented a picture of national integration long before AIT began broadcasting programmes on national integration. In the beginning, the department was headed by a Bengali. He was succeeded by a Maharashtrian who was assisted by people from all parts of India.

The nature of author’s job appeared to be insignificant. He was usually seen tearing newspapers. Everybody would walk to his cubicle and want to give him some work to do. The office boy would come in to recite his poems. He Wished to impress the author by his talent and how it was going waste on account of Subbu.

The office boy was frustrated. Probably he was jealous of Subbu’s stature. Subbu was very close to Boss. When Boss had any difficulty in presenting a scene in a film, Subbus could suggest a number of practical ideas.

Subbu was a good poet too. He could write poems of high order. But he deliberately suppressed his talent to write for the masses. He was a novelist too. He had written a novel in which he recreated the mood and manner of Devadasis of early 20th century. He had created life-like characters too.

Subbu was an excellent actor. But he never aspired for lead roles. But whatever minor roles he played, he acted better than the main players.

Subbu loved all. Several friends and relatives stayed with him for long periods. But Subbu did not care. He never gave a thought to the money he spent to support them. But the office boy hated him. Perhaps Subbu appeared to be a sycophant.

Though Subbu was always seen with the Boss, he was a member of the story department. Besides writers and poets in the story department there was a lawyer too. Officially he was known as egal adviser. But people called him by an opposite name. Once the legal adviser unwittingly, ruined the career of a talented actress.

One day the actress, who was not seasoned in worldly wisdom, lost her temper on the sets. She spoke angrily against the producer. The legal adviser switched on the recording equipment. When she paused, he played back the record. The actress was dumb founded to hear her own voice. Though she had said nothing offensive, she never appeared on the stage again.

The legal adviser wore trousers, a shirt and a tie. Sometimes he wore a coat too. He appeared off among khadi clad poets and writers. The poets and writers worshiped Gandhiji though they had no affiliation to his ideas. But they were averse to communism. They had a notion that a communist loved nobody. He was an anarchist.

The feelings against communism were widespread in South India. Moral Rearmament Army was a sort of anti-communism movement. It visited Gemini Studios in 1952. They were about 200 people belonging to at least 20 nationalities. They presented two plays ‘Jotham Valley’ and ‘The Forgotten Factor’ in the most professional manner. The Gemini family of 600 and the citizens of Madras were greatly impressed by their plays.

Their message was simple but the sets and costumes were excellent. For many years, the Tamil drama imitated the sunrise and sunset scenes presented by MRA. The scenes were presented on a bare stage with white background and a tune played on the flute. But the MRA did not influence the outlook of the Gemini bosses. The enterprises continued unchanged. The staff had enjoyed hosting MRA.

A few months later, Gemini Studios received another guest. It was an Englishman. Nobody knew who he was. Some said he was a poet. But he was not one of the poets known to them. Some believed that he was an editor because the top men of The Hindu were taking the initiative. But he was not the editor of any of the newspapers which the staff of Gemini Studios had heard of.

The Englishman was welcomed by the Boss, Mr. Vasan. He read out a long speech talking of freedom and democracy. Then the Englishman spoke. Nobody could understand what he said. His accent had made it impossible. But they were baffled. They could not understand the purpose of his visit. They made Tamil films for simple people who could not be expected to have any interest in English poetry. The visit of the Englishman remained a mystery.

The author saw a notice in The Hindu. The Encounter, a British periodical, was organizing a short story contest. The author had never heard of the periodical. He wanted to send an entry. He wanted to have some information about it before he sent the entry. He visited the British Council Library. There he found copies of The Encounter. He learned that its editor was Stephen Spender, who had visited the Gemini Studios. After a few years, the author had retired. One day, he saw a pile of low-priced paperback edition of The God that Failed. He bought a copy. It contained six different essays of six different writers. They described writers’ journeys to communism and the disillusioned return. One of the writers was Stephen Spender. The whole mystery of Spender’s visit was cleared. Mr. Vasan was not interested in his Poetry but was interested on his views on communism.


INDIGO SUMMARY

INDIGO SUMMARY

 'Indigo’ Louis Fischer describes how Mahatma Gandhi took an interest in the poor peasants/farmer of Champaran in 1916. The sharecroppers of Champaran were forced to grow indigo according to an old agreement. The cruel and cunning landlords extorted money from the poor and illiterate peasants. They made them sign a new agreement. They wanted more money for freeing their land. Gandhi’s long and heroic struggle ended with the victory of the civil disobedience. The English landlords were compelled/forced to return twenty-five percent of the money they had extorted/taken from the sharecroppers.

1. The idea of the departure of the British

Gandhi Ji tells Louis when the idea of the departure of the British came in his mind. It was in 1917. Gandhi Ji had gone to the December 1916 annual convention/meeting of the Indian national convention of the Indian national congress in Lucknow. A poor peasant came up to him. It was Rajkumar Shukla. He was from Champaran. He wanted him to come to his district. Gandhi had never heard of the place. It was near the kingdom of Nepal in Bihar. Shukla was a sharecropper.

2. Shukla was resolute

Rajkumar Shukla was illiterate but resolute. He had come to the congress session to complain against the injustice of the landlord system In Bihar. Gandhi had an appointment in Kanpur and had to go to other parts of India as well. Shukla accompanied him to the ashram in Ahmadabad. He begged Gandhi to fix a date. Gandhi was impressed with Shukla’s determination. He asked Shukla to meet him in Calcutta and take him from there. In Calcutta, he waited till Gandhi was free. Then the two boarded a train for Patna. There Shukla led him to the house of a lawyer named Rajendra Prasad who later became president of India. But he was not there.

3.In Muzaffarpur

Gandhi decided to go first to Muzaffarpur. He wanted to obtain more complete information about the condition of Champaran. Professor J.B. Kripalani waited for Gandhi at the station with a large body of students, a teacher in a government school. But he supported to Gandhi. Gandhi stayed for two days in the home of professor Malkani. The news of Gandhi’s arrival spread quickly through Muzaffarpur and then to Champaran. Sharecroppers from Champaran arrived on foot to meet their champion. Muzaffarpur lawyers called on Gandhi to brief him. Gandhi chided them for collecting huge fees from the poor sharecroppers.

4. English landlords of Champaran

Most of the arable land in Champaran was owned by Englishmen. Indian tenants worked on the land. Germany had developed synthetic indigo. Now indigo plantation was not very profitable. Therefore, they obtained agreements from the sharecroppers to pay to the landlord's compensation for being released from the 15% arrangement. According to the previous agreement, English landlords compelled all tenants to plant 15% of their land with indigo. They had to surrender the whole indigo crop to the landlords as rent. Those who opposed were tortured by their hired bullies. Meanwhile, the illiterate peasants saw through the trick of the landlords they were not ready to pay the compensation. Those who had signed wanted their money back.

 5. Gandhi received a summons to appear in court

Gandhi met the secretary of the British landlord’s association, But he didn’t give him any information. Gandhi met the commissioner. He only warned him and advised him to leave the Place. Gandhi didn’t leave. He proceeded to Motihari, the capital of Champaran. A huge crowd greeted Gandhi at the station. Then he got an official notice to quit Champaran immediately Gandhi Ji made it clear that he would disobey the order. So Gandhi received a summon /an order to appear in court the next day. All night Gandhi remained awake. He prepared a full report to the viceroy. The next morning thousands of peasants demonstrated in support of Gandhi. It was the beginning of their liberation from the fear of the British. The officials felt helpless. Gandhi helped them to regulate/control the crowd.

6. The voice of conscience

The government was baffled/surprised. The authorities wanted to postpone the trial. Gandhi protested against the delay. Gandhi told the court that he was involved/caught in a ‘conflict of duties’. It was his duty not to set a bad example as a lawbreaker. On the other hand, he wanted to do justice to thousands of poor sharecroppers. He decided not to leave Champaran. Gandhi had full respect for lawful authority. But in the end, he heard ‘the voice of his conscience. The court didn’t deliver the judgments for several days. Meanwhile, Gandhi was allowed to stay in Champaran.
 

7. Battle of Champaran won

 Rajendra Prasad and many other prominent/famous lawyers had arrived from Bihar. They supported to Gandhi. What would they do if Gandhi was sent to jail? The lawyers decided to follow him into jail. Gandhi exclaimed: The battle of Champaran is won.” Several days after the lieutenant-governor of the province decided to listen to the case.

8. Commission of Inquiry

Gandhi had four interviews with the lieutenant-governor. He appointed an official commission of inquiry into the indigo sharecroppers’ situation. Gandhi was representative of the peasants/farmers. He remained/stayed in Champaran for more than seven months. There were many evidences/proofs against the landlords and British officers. They had illegally extorted /taken money from the sharecroppers. Gandhi demanded back for 50%. The planters/landlord offered to refund only 25%. Gandhi agreed because the British government first time bent down in Indian history. The deadlock was broken.

9. Social Work in Champaran

Gandhi saw the cultural and social backwardness in the Champaran villages. He wanted to do something about it immediately. Mahadev Desai and Narhari Parikh, two young men joined Gandhi as disciples. Even their wives volunteered for the work. Many more came from Bombay, Poona and other distant parts. Gandhi’s son Devdas also joined them. Primary schools were opened in six villages. Kasturbai's wife of Gandhi Ji taught lessons of cleanliness and sanitation.

10. Champaran Episode-A turning point

The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhi’s life. It was not a simple victory; it awoke the soul of the poor peasants. Gandhi tried to mold/change a new free Indian. He wanted to stand them in his own feet and thus make India free. Some people wanted C.F. Andrews to stay in Champaran and help them. But Gandhi opposed it. He didn’t want that Indians should take the help of an Englishman in their own struggle for freedom. In this way, Gandhi taught them self-reliance.


SOLVED QUESTION PAPER ENGLISH CLASS 10TH 2025 SET B

    H-251080-B Subject :   English     Time: 3 hours]                                                     [Maximum Marks : 75   ...