♦Preposition

 In prepositions, the words and group of words are positioned before a noun or a pronoun to describe its relation with some other word in the sentence.

सम्बन्ध सूचक अव्यय वे शब्द या शब्दों का समूह है जो आम तौर पर किसी संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के पहले स्थित किया जाता है और वह सम्बन्ध सूचक अव्यय उस संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का सम्बन्ध किसी दूसरे शब्द से प्रदर्शित करता है

Rule 1- Across

a) From one side to another (इस पर से उस पार तक)

Ex: A bridge is laid across the river.

b)On the opposite side of (उस  पार)

Ex: My friend lives across the river.

c) Both side (दोनों तरफ)

Ex: He threw the luggage across his shoulders.

Rule 2- Come Across (संयोग/ अचानक से मिल जाना)

a) Never use “With”

b) Never use “Suddenly”

Ex: While/ shopping in/ market, she come across/ with her old fiend/ no error.

Note- With not use.

Rule 3- With

a) To show a sources or tool.

Ex: She was cutting vegetable with a knife.

We are writing with a pen.

b) के साथ

Ex: She is going with her parents.

He is going to Goa with family.

c) To Show a manner (Courage, Bearry, Patience)

Ex: A true soldier always fights with courage.

We should face the difficult with the patience.

d)) In spite of (के बावजूद)

Ex: With all his affords, he could not win the race.

e) Parallel of With

Ex: Cured with, Sympathy with, Satisfied with, Contended with, Charge with, Differ with, Deal with, Acquainted with, Disgusted with.

Rule 4- AT

a)To show a position at a place

Ex: Many people are standing at the railway station.

He was waiting at the mall.

b) To show a time

Ex: The class start at 3 Pm.

The train will move at 5 Am.

c) To live at village, town, subpart a city

Ex: She live at south ex.

I live at sector-12.

d) But We use to big city when we stay there for a short period of time.

Ex: During my visit to England, I stay a London for two days.

When I went to Goa, I stay at Mumbai for three days.

e) To show Price/ Rate

Ex: She is saving apple at rupees 150 per kg.

In Delhi petrol is sold at rupees 74 per litres.

f) To show a temporary action

Ex: On the road a few men are at work.

When her mother called, she was at play.

g) Good + at + Subject

Hubby / Skill (Using V+ing)

Ex: She is good at mathematics

I am good at English.

He is good at driving.

My father is very good at swimming.

Rule 5 –

a) Angry at – गुस्सा होना (कार्य /हालत / परिस्थिति)

Ex: The boss is very angry at this wrong report.

b) Angry with- गुस्सा होना (किसी व्यक्ति पर)

Ex: The boss is very angry with clerk.

Rule 6-

a) Smile at (किसी पर हंसना)

Ex: The boys were smiling at the poor beggar.

1.    b) Smile on (किस्मत का मेहरबान होना)

Ex: At last, his luck, smiled on? He becomes an IAS.

Rule 7-

a)At night (General sense)

Ex: The whole of world sleep at night.

The moon shines at night.

b) In the night (In specific sense)

Ex: She had a nightmare in the night.

He saw a UFO in the night.

Rule 8-

Phrases of “At”

Shout at, Shoot at, Laugh at, Smile at, Aim at, Kick at, Look at, byte at.

At whom, at the top, at the bottom, at this movement, at noon, at night, at bed time, at festival (at Holi, at Diwali)

Rule 9- “In”

a) To show an already in side position.

Ex: He is swimming in the pool.

She is taking rest in the room.

b) City, State, Country, Continent, use “In”

Ex: I live in Delhi.

My Uncle lives in Europe.

He lives in Jaipur.

c) Before Months/Years

Ex: In January, In August, In 2009, In 1947

d) Phrases of “In”

Ex: In the world, In a newspaper

In a cube, In a city, In the sky, In the house, In the letter, In the root, In the bag

Rule 10- “Into”

a) Showing movement to inside.

Ex: She is going into the room.

He is jumping into the pool.

b) Change the from

Ex: Milk changing into curd.

I will translate this book into Hindi.

c) phrases “Into”

Break “Into”

Do “Into”

Eat “Into”

Let “Into”

Look “Into”

See “Into”

Turn “Into”

English Prepositions	Hindi Prepositions
about	ke baare men – के बारे में
above	oopar – ऊपर
across	ke paar – के पार
after	ke baad – के बाद
against	ke khilaf – के खिलाफ
among	ke bich men – के बीच में
around	charon or – चारों ओर
as	jaisa – जैसा
at	par – पर
before	se pahle – से पहले
behind	ke peechhe – के पीछे
below	neeche – नीचे
beneath	neeche – नीचे
beside	bagal men – बगल में
between	ke bich – के बीच
beyond	pare – परे
but	lekin – लेकिन
by	dvara – द्वारा
despite	ke baavajood – के बावजूद
down	neeche – नीचे
during	dauraan  – दौरान
except	sivaay – सिवाय
for	ke liye – के लिए
from	se – से
in	men – में
inside	andar – अंदर
into	men – में
near	nikat – निकट
next	agla – अगला
of	ki or ka  – की or का
on	par – पर
opposite	saamane – सामने
out	baahar – बाहर
outside	baahar – बाहर
over	ke oopar – के ऊपर
per	prati – प्रति
plus	jod  – जोड़
round	daur or gol  – दौर or गोल
since	ke baad se – के बाद से
than	se – से
through	ke madhyam se – के माध्यम से
till	jab tak – जब तक
to	se – से
toward	ki or – की ओर
under	adheen or neeche  – अधीन or नीचे
unlike	vipareet – विपरीत
until	jab tak – जब तक
up	oopar – ऊपर
via	ke madhyam se – के माध्यम से
with	saath – साथ
within	andar – अंदर
without	bina – बिना
two words	do shabdon  – दो शब्दों
according to	ke anusaar – के अनुसार
because of	ki vajah se – की वजह से
close to	band karne ke liye – बंद करने के लिए
due to	ke kaaran – के कारण
except for	ke alava – के अलावा
far from	door se – दूर से
inside of	ke andar – के अंदर
instead of	ke bajaay – के बजाय
near to	ke paas – के पास
next to	ke paas or ke nikat or ke nazadeek – के पास or के निकट or के नज़दीक
outside of	ke baahar – के बाहर
prior to	pahle se – पहले से
three words	teen shabd – तीन शब्द
as far as	jahan tak – जहाँ तक
as well as	tatha – तथा
in addition to	ke atirikt – के अतिरिक्त
in front of	ke saamane – के सामने
in spite of	ke baavajood – के बावजूद
on behalf of	ki or se – की ओर से
on top of	ke sheersh par – के शीर्ष पर
demonstratives	upapaadak sambandhabodhak – उपपादक सम्बन्धबोधक
this	yah – यह
that	ki or vah – कि or वह
these	ye – ये
those	un – उन

♦Some important points about prepositions

1.    The words “superior”, “inferior”, “senior”, “junior” etc. take the preposition “to” with them.

Incorrect: Ram is senior than Mohan.

Correct: Ram is senior to Mohan.

2.    The words “prefer”, “preferrable”, “preferred” also take the preposition “to” with them.

Incorrect: I prefer tea than coffee.

Correct: I prefer tea to coffee.

3.    The words “inspite of” and “despite” share the same meaning. The only difference is that inspite takes the preposition “of” whereas despite does not take any preposition.

Incorrect: Despite of bad weather, he went to school.

Correct: Despite bad weather, he went to school.

In the same way, the word “consist” takes the preposition “of” whereas “comprise” does not take any preposition.

Incorrect: The classroom comprises of twenty students.

Correct: The classroom comprises twenty students.

 

Quiz based on Preposition

1.    The invitation card a)/says that Satish b)/ marries with c)/ Sunita next month.d)/  No error e)

2.    She looked very a)/ different from the b)/ photograph I c)/ had of her. d)/No error e)

3.    The bride said a)/that she would not b)/ marry the man c)/ over thirty five.d)/  No error e)

4.    The reason a)/ of his failure b)/ is due to c)/ his negligence.d)/No error e)

5.    The captain and his a)/wife were invited b)/ for the cultural c)/ function at my home.d)/ No error e)

 Answer

1.    c; Replace “with” with “to”

2.    e; No error.

3.    d; Replace “over” with “above”

4.    b; Replace “of” with “for”

5.    c; Replace “for” with “at”